Ergonomics. Human engineering in Medicine
Among the various sciences, the branches of medicine engineering are one such particular science that deals with human engineering.
The study, also known as ergonomics, is a subtle branch of medicine engineering that is mostly concerned with improvement of medicines and drugs to be applied to living being, especially in human body.
Of course a part of ergonomics is also related to designing the physical and psychological characteristics of the devices used for healing, but basically this branch of medicine engineering is concerned with improvement and modification of pharmaceutical drugs.
We all know that our diseases and their cure are mostly inherent in human characteristics, capabilities, and limitations of the body, and medicine engineering performs human engineering by manipulating these human factors.
What is basically done is that, a collection of data is used to process the inherent principles of medicine engineering. In this the components of medicine engineering are the designs of the machines and the drugs, the environments under which they give their optimum performances, methods of working, and above all, the safety of the patient concerned.
Those experts of medicine engineering who have adopted human-factors engineering as a profession, comprises of a host of scientists and engineers from multiple disciplines. A unique feature of this branch of medicine engineering is that, most of these scientists deal with a specifically identified small group of human users and operators.
This makes the task of the experts of medicine engineering easier and the result is a number of landmark innovations in the field of medical science.
Automobile Engines
The working of an automobile engine follows the same principle as an internal combustion engine. Air, from outside, enters the engine through the air cleaner and reaches the throttle plate.
The pedal in your car is the control for the amount of air that you would want to be taken in, and you control it by pressing on this gas pedal.
The air is then distributed through the intake manifold of the cylinders.
At some point fuel is injected into the air stream, and the mixture vaporizes and is drawn into the cylinders as they start their intake stroke.
This way, when the cylinder has reached its bottom, it has drawn in sufficient mixture. As it moves up, compressing the mixture, the spark plug ignites the mixture, and as the powerful gas formed expands, it pushes the cylinder to the bottom with the cylinder once again drawing in the mixture.
In designing automobile engines, you need to be a specialist in automobile engineering.
The consideration that is taken while designing such an engine is whether it should be a carburetor or a diesel one. carburetor engines are most commonly found in passenger cars and low capacity trucks, while trucks with a capacity over two tons are fitted with diesel engines, including dump trucks, trailer tractors and bus.
Increasingly the medium and low-capacity vehicles are being fitted with diesel engines, since the fuel consumption of these engines are 30% to 50% lower than the carburetor engines.
Diesel engines not only cost more, but maintenance is much more expensive than the other type of engine. Diesels require more metal parts per kilowatt.
The critical parts of diesel engines are made of alloy steel, and the fuel injection system is much more expensive than carburetor engines.
Stem Cell Research. Clinical application
An interesting branch of medicine engineering is the stem cell research. This unique branch of medicine engineering is presently undergoing a critical transition. Yet it continues to be a potential component of both medical engineering as well as medical practice.
Many people lose cells due to injury or degenerative diseases that have no cure at present. Medicine engineering experts have tried a wide range of experimental models to solve this problem. This has resulted in a gift by the medicine engineering science, the cellular grafting, which is a unique type of cell based therapy.
The method that is the most suitable stem cell research and therapy, as devised by the medicine engineering studies, is the magnetic resonance imaging methods. They produce non-evasive images of opaque tissues. If on the other hand, the cells are transplanted, medicine engineering has the answer in tracking them by MRI, after making them MR visible.
In fact the medicine engineering studies are more concentrated in this regard in modeling novel contrast agents into stem cells and developing specific tagging molecules to deliver efficient amounts of contrast agents into stem cells.
The concern of the specialists in this case is that, the methods for monitoring implanted stem cells, non-invasively in “vivo”, a type of research approach, will expedite improvement of opportunities for stem cell based therapies.
How to make a career in Automotive Engineering
To make a career in automotive engineering, there are several engineering technology programs that are offered as various academic courses helping you to specialize in designing vehicles, such as, cars, trucks, etc.
You gather the expertise in providing help to build and test the vehicles, and learn how to repair and maintain with the appropriate tools and instruments. When you watch TV, you come across commercials advertising cars and other vehicles.
If you ponder for once how much it costs the vehicle manufacturers to advertise, you would be able to realise how vast the automobile industry is. If you watch the commercials closely, you will find that features of the vehicle are advertised also, such as, side air-bags, disappearing fold down seats, gas-electric hybrids, and many more.
It is evident that someone had to design these features which are now being made available in the vehicle.
When designing a vehicle, the design break-through comes from the automobile engineers, who have the specialization to design automobiles.
The job that you have as an automobile design engineer is to design the components that go into the vehicle, test them in the laboratory, and qualify them as the components which have been correctly designed. Automobile design engineers put the concept of a vehicle into reality.
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