Nanomaterials

Nanomaterials are small-sized materials. The typical dimension spans from subnanometer to several hundred nanometers. A nanometer (nm) is one billionth of a meter, or 10-9m. One nanometer is approximately the length equivalent to 10 hydrogen or 5 silicon atoms aligned in a line.

Small features permit more functionality in a given space, but nanotechnology is not a simple continuation of miniaturization from micron meter scale down to nanometer scale.

Materials in the micrometer scale mostly exhibit physical properties the same as that of bulk form; however, materials in the nanometer scale may exhibit physical properties distinctively different from that of bulk.
Materials in this size range exhibit some remarkable specific properties; a transition from atoms or molecules to bulk form takes place in this size range.

In order to explore the novel physical properties and phenomena and realize the potential applications of nanomaterials, the ability to fabricate and process nanomaterials and nanostructures is the first corner stone in nanotechnology.

Nanostructured materials or nanomaterials are those with at least one dimension falling in nanometer scale, and include nanoparticles (including quantum dots, when exhibiting quantum effects), nanorods and nanowires, thin films, and bulk materials made of nanoscale building blocks or consisting of nanoscale structures.

Many technologies have been explored to fabricate nanomaterials and nanostructures.
With the passage of time, the range of nanomaterials is poised to grow given the advances in science and technology.

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